These transverse layers represent part of the fibres that constitute the deep, thick intermuscular septum of the femur. This septum effectively forms an osteo-fascial wall between the anterior quadriceps muscle group and the posterior hamstring muscle group.
Fibres from the inner transverse layer also accept the superior fibres of the gluteus maximus to form an ascending tendon. The portion of the posterolateral TFL that did not blend with the MLL also blended with this ascending tendon to insert directly onto the intermuscular septum — and thus the femur.
In other words, the majority of the TFL indirectly inserts onto the femur via the ascending gluteal tendon, and indirectly via the blending of the MLL to the thick transverse layer. Further down the thigh, the ITB remains a thickened portion of the fascia lata, creating the fascial barrier between the anterior quadriceps and the posterior hamstrings.
It completely surrounds the thigh, is anchored to the distal lateral femoral shaft by strong obliquely directed fibrous strands that can represent a tendon enthuses, and is continuous with the patellar retinaculum Therefore Fairclough et al argue that the TFL has very little involvement in tibia movement and knee function and its role is primarily directed at the hip The main role of this functional head is to flex the hip in open kinetic chain movements such as hip flexion during the swing phase of gait.
This has been confirmed via EMG and electrical stimulation experiments The muscle becomes silent upon heel strike, suggesting that the muscle needs to be inactive to allow hip extension to occur during stance phase. The muscle is most active during the acceleration phase of running, again suggesting its main role is as a powerful hip flexor In pure open kinetic-chain movement, the AM fibres are most active in hip flexion movements and also in abduction movements.
It is silent however if the hip is externally rotated whilst abducting — an important consideration when prescribing hip rehabilitation exercises for the gluteals and other hip external rotators These fibres are most active during stance phase of gait.
This suggests the muscle acts as a major hip stabiliser in single leg stance by activating its hip abduction role. Interestingly the superior portion of the gluteus maximus is also active during this walking phase. Considering that the PL head has fibres that join the tendon coming from the superior gluteus maximus, this suggests that the PL fibres and superior gluteus maximus work synergistically to control pelvic stability in stance phase Both the TFL and gluteus maximus exert their influence as a hip muscle through the investments they have with the MLL, the deep transverse layer of the fascia lata and the intermuscular septum.
They effectively insert onto the femur via this complex web of fascia and are thus considered muscles originating at the pelvis and inserting onto the femur. In pure open kinetic chain movements, the PL fibres are active in all hip internal rotation movements and in abduction movements.
Similar to the AM fibres, the PL fibres stay silent if the hip is abducting whilst in external rotation Most of the comprehensive studies investigating the role of TFL in influencing knee movements and patella stability find it difficult to identify a direct role for the TFL in knee function.
It almost certainly does not contribute to knee extension, flexion or rotation Therefore, all previous descriptions of the TFL being a synergistic knee extender with the quadriceps or an externally rotator of the tibia can almost certainly be discarded. It is also doubtful that the TFL plays an active role in pulling the patella laterally.
The most likely role the TFL has in knee patella stability is indirectly, through maintaining the tension in the fascia lata and thus the distal portion of the ITB that blends with the patella retinaculum It has been suggested that the TFL also acts on the fascia latae of the thigh by maintaining fascia tension during movement.
Mike Benjamin in highlighted how extensive the fascia lata of the thigh is It is a complex arrangement of fascial planes that have variable thickness and development over the thigh.
It has a loose anterior and posterior layer, which cover the quadriceps and hamstrings respectively. Similarly, the posterior fascia latae would most likely bunch up during knee flexion movements. The most likely muscles to maintain this fascial tension during knee movement, based on their anatomical arrangement with the fascia lata would be the TFL anteriorly and superior gluteus maximus posteriorly.
That is, the TFL would become slightly active in knee extension to gradually retract the fascia upwards whilst the knee extended — to prevent crimping and buckling of the anterior fascia.
The tensor fasciae latae is used considerably during these movements. The tensor fasciae latae TFL is a muscle that attaches at the top of your iliotibial IT band and is a vital muscle that helps stabilize the hip and knee. Think of kicking your leg out to the side, pointing your toes inward and raising your knee up to hip height. Most people stretch the IT band by foam rolling, and although that is needed, the TFL needs extra attention.
Since the IT band is made of connective tissue, there will be minimal improvements in flexibility, so your best bet is to stretch or release tension from the TFL. First, lay on your back with your legs extended long. Place your hands by your side, next to your hip bones. Along its path, the iliotibial band attaches to the linea aspera, a linear area of rough textured bone on the femur that serves as an attachment site for several muscles.
The tensor fascia latae is sometimes grouped with the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus as a hip abductor muscle. However, its primary action is to stabilize the opposite hip from the one that is actually bearing weight, or that we are standing on, when walking, running, or standing. When it contracts it also affects the amount of tension in the IT band, and in that way, indirectly affects the stabilization of the knee.
The iliotibial band is a critically important structure for stabilizing the hip, and especially the knee joint, when we load weight into these joints. It functions to stabilize the joints and help distribute the load when we are weight-bearing in one or both legs, like we would be when standing, walking, or running, for example.
Because of its location, the iliotibial band works in conjunction with the anterior cruciate ligament ACL to stabilize particularly the lateral and anterior sides of the knee joint. The muscles into which the iliotibial band attaches at its proximal end, the tensor fascia latae and the gluteus maximus, influence the amount of shortness or tension that the IT band has.
Simultaneous contraction of the lateral quadricep muscle, the vastus lateralis which runs laterally alongside the IT band, can also contribute to increasing the tension of the IT band. The tensor fascia latae and the iliotibial band are critical structures in the body for making it possible for us to stand, walk, and run. Read this next. Supraspinatus Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network.
Quadratus plantae Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Depressor labii inferioris Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network.
Quadriceps femoris Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Palmaris brevis Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Subscapularis Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Extensor pollicis longus Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network.
Biceps brachii Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network.
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